For elucidating the relationship between the structural properties at a molecular level and the catalytic activity, we analyse the structure, properties and dynamic behaviour using synthesis controlled at the molecular level, the spectroscopic (UV-Vis-NIR, FTIR, MAS NMR, XPS, Mössbauer, Raman), diffraction (XRD), and microscopic (SEM, HR-TEM) methods, in situ spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, FTIR), and kinetic analysis of complex chemical processes.